Friday, September 12, 2025
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Leaving Your Heating on Constantly – Is It Cheaper? #29

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Should you leave your heating on constantly? or are you better off using your timer?

Roger gives us his money-saving advice to reduce your fuel bills this winter.

Energy myth-busting with Money Saving Expert:

The energy market is in crisis. There are no cheap energy deals due to record wholesale prices (what providers pay), so using less is the best way to save right now.

There are obvious ways to cut your usage, such as wearing jumpers and turning lights off, but this guide aims to crack the less-obvious energy conundrums, including if it’s cheaper to keep your heating on constantly all day, or whether painting your radiators black can help.

READ MORE: Energy Mythbusting – 12 energy-saving conundrums explored

More From Skillbuilder – The Secrets Behind Low Energy Bills

Mira Flight Takes a Nose Dive ~ Sorry Saga With a Twist

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Roger is having trouble with Mira Flight shower trays.

Mira Showers
https://www.mirashowers.co.uk

Mira shower trays are built to last, made from durable chip-resistant, acrylic-capped resin stone, and embedded with BioCote® technology to reduce bacteria and mould growth.

The Mira Flight shower tray ranges offer a variety of styles, heights and shapes, including square, rectangle, pentagon and quadrant throughout.

To create a wet-room aesthetic, The Flight Level shower trays seamlessly blend into the floor with a minimal 25mm depth.

These walk-in shower trays are available in White and Slate effect options for contemporary bathrooms.

The Flight range features 90mm depth, and the low profile Flight Low and Flight Safe shower tray ranges both have 40mm depth, with the latter also featuring anti-slip technology for safer showering.

Make Yourself Seen with Snickers Workwear

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Instant recognition is a life-saver in hazardous conditions.

When worksite visibility decreases, accident risks increase. That’s why you need properly certified, hard-working High-Vis clothing to make you easier to spot on site, especially in winter’s dim, dark, and variable light conditions.

Snickers Workwear’s extensive range of High-Vis working clothes suits a wide range of work environments, from construction and engineering to handling and logistics, from professional trades to lighter manual work.

snickersworkwear.com/list/product-guide/make-yourself-seen

There are Jackets, Trousers, Shorts, Toolvests, Shirts and Fleeces in the LITEWork, FLEXIWork AllroundWork and ProtecWork families – a host of different garments to satisfy the specific requirements of Classes 1, 2 and 3 protection levels.

All these ‘outstanding’ products are integral to every man and woman’s PPE package.  Combining Snickers Workwear’s unrivalled hallmarks of functionality and comfort, they also meet the requirements of the EN20471 standard for high-visibility warning clothes.

See more about Snickers on Skill Builder

The Battery Power Cutter Saw We Doubted ~ Makita DCE090

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Sam reviews the Makita DCE090ZX1 Twin 18v LXT Brushless Power Cutter
?MORE?
_________
SHOPPING

Howe Tools £377
? https://www.howetools.co.uk/makita-dce090zx1

Screwfix £377.99
? https://www.screwfix.com/p/makita-dce090zx1-twin-18v-li-ion-lxt-brushless-cordless-disc-cutter-bare/201xj

Buy a Parcel £379.93
? https://www.buyaparcel.com/makita-dce090zx1-9-cordless-brushless-power-disc-cutter-saw-bare-unit/

_______________________
MAKITA DCE090ZX1 POWER CUTTER SPECS

Brushless (BL) DC motor with high power-to-weight and size ratio generates less heat buildup and is ideal for heavy-duty applications.

Active Feedback sensing Technology (AFT) automatically shuts down the tool if there is a sudden drop in rotation speed (e.g. kick-back).

Automatic torque Drive Technology (ADT) adjusts motor speed and torque during heavy-duty cutting applications for maximum job site efficiency and performance.

LED job light illuminates cutting area.

Soft start feature gradually increases speed to eliminate start-up shock.

Electronic current limiter prevents motor burnout caused by overloading.

Electric brake stops blade 2-4 seconds after the trigger is released for increased operator safety.

eXtreme Protection Technology (XPT) offers maximum protection against dust, debris and liquids for optimal performance in extreme conditions.

Battery cover protects batteries from water damage in wet-cutting applications.

Lock-off button prevents accidental startup.

Water supply kit enables easy wet cutting to minimize airborne dust.

Ergonomic soft rubber drip for vibration absorption and comfortable operation.

• Electric brake
• Soft start
• LED job light
• Brushless motor
• Powered by two 18V LXT Li-Ion batteries in series
• Overload indicator lamp
• Water supply kit can be connected
• Battery cover protects battery from water in wet cutting
• Lock-off button
• AFT (Active Feedback sensing Technology): shuts down current to the motor, if the rotation speed suddenly slows down.

Includes

1 x Makita 18v X 2 230mm Brushless Disc Power Cutter Bare Unit
1 x Hex wrench
1 x Wrench
1 x Coupling sleeve
1 x Abrasive cut off wheel

More From Skillbuilder – Lightweight Makita Disc Cutter

Why Do We Despise The Jack Of All Trades?

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Newsletter ▶ https://skill-builder.uk/signup

Roger is tired of people telling him to stick to plumbing. It’s rant time.
?MORE?

Who was Isambard Kingdom Brunel?
? https://www.rmg.co.uk/stories/topics/who-was-isambard-kingdom-brunel

Leonardo Da Vinci – Renaissance man
? https://www.leonardodavinci.net

Winston Churchill – Statesman, soldier, writer and Prime Minister
? https://winstonchurchill.org

Hello to @plumberparts
__________

A polymath is an individual who possesses expertise or knowledge in various subjects or fields, often across disciplines that include arts, sciences, mathematics, and humanities. Historically, polymaths like Leonardo da Vinci, Benjamin Franklin, and Hildegard of Bingen have made significant contributions in multiple domains due to their broad and deep understanding of various subjects.

Similarly, a “jack of all trades” refers to a person who is competent in many skills, albeit may not necessarily be an expert in any of them. However, this term is often followed by “master of none,” suggesting that while a person may have a wide range of skills, their knowledge in each area might not be deep or specialized.

Benefits of Being a ‘Jack of All Trades’:
Adaptability: Jacks of all trades can quickly adapt to different roles and responsibilities, which is particularly valuable in changing or uncertain environments.

Problem-solving: With a diverse skill set, these individuals can approach problems from various angles, often finding innovative solutions that specialists might overlook.

Lifelong Learning: A natural curiosity and willingness to learn new things can lead to personal and professional growth throughout life.

Versatility: Being skilled in various areas makes you a versatile asset in many settings, especially in smaller organizations and startups where wearing multiple hats is common.

Interdisciplinary Understanding: A broad knowledge base allows for better integration and understanding of how different fields and disciplines intersect and relate, fostering cross-disciplinary collaboration and innovation.

Networking: Engaging with professionals and experts from various fields can expand your network and open up opportunities for collaboration and career development.

Reduced Dependency: With skills in multiple areas, you’re less dependent on others to complete various tasks and projects.

Improved Communication: Understanding the language and basics of different fields can facilitate better communication with specialists, making collaboration more effective and efficient.

Drawbacks:
However, it’s also worth noting that there are drawbacks to being a “jack of all trades.” For instance, the lack of specialization might lead to difficulty securing positions requiring deep expertise in a particular field. In some cases, a broad but shallow knowledge base might also limit the depth and quality of contributions in specific domains. Hence, balancing generalisation and specialisation is crucial, considering the unique requirements and expectations of each role and industry.

Replacing Broken Glass ~ £250 DIY Money Saver

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How to replace broken window glass and save £250 with this DIY job.
🔻MORE🔻

Skill Builder video library
https://www.youtube.com/@SkillBuilder/videos

Thanks to Merstham Glass
https://www.mersthamglass.co.uk

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HOW TO REPLACE A BROKEN WINDOW PANE

Replacing the glass in an old sash window can be a meticulous but manageable process. Below is a general step-by-step guide. Always wear appropriate safety gear, including gloves and safety glasses, during the process.

Materials and Tools:
– New glass pane (cut to size)
– Glazier’s points
– Putty knife or chisel
– Paintbrush
– Glazing putty
– Multi-tool (oscillating tool with a wood/metal blade)
– Safety gear (gloves, safety glasses)

Remove Old Glass and Putty:

Carefully remove the broken glass from the sash, disposing of it safely.
Use your multi-tool with a scraper or cutting blade attachment to remove the old putty. Hold the multi-tool at a shallow angle to the glass and gently work it along the putty lines, loosening and removing the old material. Be patient and careful to avoid damage to the window frame.

Clean and Prepare the Sash:

Once the old putty is removed, thoroughly clean the area where the new glass will be installed.
This will help the new putty adhere better.

Install the New Glass:

Place the new glass pane into the sash.
Insert glazier’s sprigs into the wood around the glass, spacing them evenly. These small metal points help hold the glass in place. Use a putty knife or another flat tool to push the points into the wood.

Apply New Putty:

Knead the glazing putty until it’s soft and pliable. Roll it into thin ropes and press it into the sash around the glass, covering the glazier’s points and creating a seal.
Use a putty knife to smooth and shape the putty, forming a neat, angled bead along the edge of the glass. Remove excess putty.

Allow Putty to Cure:

Let the putty cure and harden according to the manufacturer’s instructions. This may take several days or even weeks.

Final Finishes:

Once the putty is cured, you can paint it to match the rest of the window frame.
Reinstall the sash window if you removed it during the process.

Tips:
Work carefully and patiently, especially when removing old putty and glass, to avoid causing further damage to the window.

If you’re uncomfortable with this process, consider consulting with or hiring a professional.

To protect yourself from glass shards and other hazards, practice safety precautions, such as working in a well-ventilated area and wearing safety gear.

Don’t Treat Damp The Wrong Way

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Jonny has a damp patch and Roger has a theory about the cause.
🔻MORE🔻

Diagnosing damp problems in a building without jumping to conclusions involves a systematic approach to identifying the symptoms, understanding the possible causes, and then taking appropriate action. Here’s a step-by-step guide to help you go about it:

Step 1: Initial Observation

Signs: Look for common signs of dampness, such as dark patches on walls, peeling paint, musty smells, or visible mould.
Location: Take note of where the damp seems to be concentrated.

Step 2: Identify the Type of Damp

Condensation: Usually occurs on windows and walls. You may see water droplets, and it often happens during cold weather.
Penetrating Damp: Occurs when water penetrates through the walls. Look for localized damp patches that worsen when it rains.
Rising Damp: Affects the lower areas of walls and floors. Look for a “tide mark” above which the wall is dry.

Step 3: Check External Factors

Roof: Damaged or missing tiles can let in water.
Gutters and Downpipes: Ensure they are not blocked or damaged.
Walls: Look for cracks or damaged masonry.
Windows and Doors: Make sure they are sealed properly.

Step 4: Check Internal Factors

Ventilation: Poorly ventilated homes are more likely to have damp issues.
Leaks: Check pipes, radiators, and appliances for leaks.
Humidity: High indoor humidity can contribute to damp. This can be measured with a hygrometer.

Step 5: Professional Diagnosis

If you’re unable to identify the cause or if the problem is severe, consider hiring professionals like surveyors or damp proofing experts for a more thorough diagnosis.

Step 6: Action Plan

Condensation: Improve ventilation, use dehumidifiers, or consider anti-condensation paint.
Penetrating Damp: Repair external faults and consider water-repellent treatments.
Rising Damp: This usually requires professional treatment, such as the installation of a damp-proof course.

Step 7: Monitor

After implementing fixes, continuously monitor the situation to make sure the problem doesn’t reoccur or shift to a different area.

By taking a systematic approach, you reduce the likelihood of misdiagnosis, which can lead to incorrect and potentially costly solutions.

Fire & Sound Stop ~ A DIY Job You Can Do

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Roger talks about the features and benefits of Rockwool insulation.
🔻MORE🔻

Rockwool International
🔗 https://www.rockwool.com

Rockwool A/S, also known as the ROCKWOOL Group, is a Danish multinational manufacturer of mineral wool products headquartered in Hedehusene, Copenhagen, Denmark.

_____________________________

Rockwool Insulation: A Comprehensive Guide to Features and Benefits

In building construction, insulation is a crucial factor for maintaining a comfortable and energy-efficient environment. While there are various materials to choose from, Rockwool insulation has gained popularity for its unique set of features and benefits. Derived from volcanic rock, Rockwool insulation is a type of mineral wool that is used in various applications, including wall cavities, attics, and flooring.

Key Features of Rockwool Insulation

Fire Resistance

One of Rockwool insulation’s most outstanding features is its high fire resistance. Made from stone, this material is non-combustible, giving it the ability to withstand temperatures up to 2150°F (1177°C). This offers not only protection for your building but also enhances the safety of its inhabitants.

Sound Absorption

Rockwool is an excellent sound insulator. Its fibrous structure helps trap sound waves, making it an ideal choice for walls and floors in residential or commercial buildings where noise reduction is desired.

Moisture Resistance

Rockwool insulation is also highly resistant to moisture. It doesn’t absorb water, thus reducing the risk of mould and mildew growth. Its hydrophobic nature ensures that the material retains its insulative properties even when exposed to water.

Easy Installation

Rockwool comes in various forms, such as batts, rolls, or loose-fill, which makes it versatile and easy to install. It is simple to cut and fit into irregular spaces, making it a handy choice for DIY enthusiasts and professionals.

Durability

The composition of Rockwool ensures a long lifespan. Made from rock, it doesn’t deteriorate over time and keeps its insulative properties for several years, making it a cost-effective option in the long run.

Environmental Benefits

Rockwool is often composed of recycled material and is itself recyclable. Its long lifespan and thermal efficiency also reduce a building’s carbon footprint.

Benefits of Using Rockwool Insulation

Energy Efficiency

Insulating properties are one of the key attributes when selecting an insulation material, and Rockwool excels in this regard. By effectively trapping heat, it helps maintain a stable indoor temperature, thus reducing the need for heating and cooling systems, leading to energy cost savings.

Improved Indoor Comfort

The excellent thermal properties and sound and moisture resistance contribute to a comfortable indoor environment. Whether maintaining a cosy temperature during winter or blocking out the noise from a busy street, Rockwool does it all.

Safety

The fire-resistant properties of Rockwool offer an added layer of safety, reducing the risk of fire spreading, which could be critical in emergencies.

Versatility

Due to its various forms and ease of installation, Rockwool is suitable for various applications. It can be used in residential, commercial, or industrial settings for walls, attics, floors, and even specialized areas like acoustic ceilings.

Cost-Effectiveness

Although Rockwool may have a higher upfront cost than other insulation materials, its durability and effectiveness lead to long-term savings. Lower utility bills and reduced maintenance costs are some financial benefits that users can expect.

Conclusion

Rockwool insulation offers a compelling combination of fire resistance, sound absorption, moisture resistance, and ease of installation. Its benefits include energy efficiency, improved indoor comfort, and long-term cost savings, making it a strong contender for any insulation needs. Whether you are a homeowner looking to renovate or a contractor working on a large-scale project, Rockwool insulation is an option that warrants serious consideration.

The Disastrous Policy Rishi Sunak Just Buried (Maybe)

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This is why the Clean Heat Market Mechanism was doomed from the start.
🔻MORE🔻

Clean Heat Market Mechanism Closed Consultation
https://www.gov.uk/government/consultations/clean-heat-market-mechanism

__________
CHMM Aims

The Clean Heat Market Mechanism (CHMM), for which enabling powers are being taken in the Energy Security Bill introduced to Parliament in July 2022, aims to provide the heating appliance industry – and wider market – with a clear, stable policy framework and the accompanying incentives to invest with confidence in scaling up the consumer market for heat pumps, thereby accelerating deployment and driving down energy demand from buildings.

It is supported in this by, and itself complements, wider government action summarised below, which aims more directly to:

• Reduce the upfront costs of heat pumps and support households and building owners with heat pump installations to kickstart the market
• Reduce the running costs of heat pumps, including relative to fossil fuel boilers
• Support an expansion of heat pump manufacturing in the UK
• Grow the number of skilled heat pump installers and maintain high standards in the quality of heat pump installations
• Support a range of other innovations to broaden the appeal, efficiency and ease of adoption of heat pumps.

Sewage In Our Rivers ~ The Ugly Truth

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With sewage being pumped onto our beaches and into our rivers, this rant was never far away.
🔻FIND OUT MORE🔻

How Joseph Bazalgette built London’s first super-sewer:
https://www.museumoflondon.org.uk/discover/how-bazalgette-built-londons-first-super-sewer

London’s Next Super-Sewer:
https://www.tideway.london

Thames Water:
https://www.thameswater.co.uk

_________________________

The problem of sewage flowing into rivers in the UK is a multifaceted issue that has been a subject of concern for many decades.

Environmental Impact:

Pollution: Sewage discharge introduces harmful pollutants, including bacteria, viruses, heavy metals, and pharmaceutical residues, into river ecosystems.

Eutrophication: Sewage contains high levels of nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus. When they enter rivers, they can cause excessive growth of algae and other aquatic plants, leading to oxygen depletion and killing off fish and other aquatic life.

Damage to Ecosystems: Apart from chemical pollutants, sewage also carries solid waste and debris that can choke waterways, disrupt habitats, and endanger aquatic life.

Human Health Risks:

Contamination of Drinking Water: Many communities draw their drinking water from rivers. If these sources are contaminated, it can lead to outbreaks of waterborne diseases.

Recreational Hazards: People who swim, kayak, or engage in other recreational activities in polluted rivers are at risk of infections.

Economic Impacts:

Tourism: Polluted rivers can deter tourists, affecting local businesses and the wider economy.

Fisheries: Pollution can devastate local fish populations, impacting commercial and recreational fishing.

Legacy Infrastructure:

Many of the UK’s sewage systems are old and combine rainwater runoff with sewage. During heavy rainfall, these combined sewer systems can get overwhelmed, leading to the discharge of untreated or partially treated sewage directly into rivers.

Lack of Investment:

Aging infrastructure requires consistent investment to upgrade and maintain. In some cases, there has been a lack of sufficient investment in sewage treatment and stormwater management, exacerbating the problem.

Regulatory and Monitoring Challenges:

Historically, there have been instances where water companies were found to be in breach of environmental permits. Ensuring strict compliance and having robust monitoring mechanisms in place is essential.

Public Awareness:

There’s often a lack of awareness among the general public regarding the sources and consequences of river pollution. Educating people can help drive community-based solutions and increase pressure on responsible parties to take action.

Climate Change:

Increasing extreme weather events like heavy rainfall can overwhelm the sewage systems more frequently, leading to more frequent discharges into rivers.

Over the years, significant efforts have been to address the issue, with environmental agencies, NGOs, and other stakeholders working to improve water quality, upgrade sewage treatment infrastructure, and enforce tighter regulations. However, there’s still a long way to go to fully address the problem.

Smarter Gardens: Building Modern Thinking Into Classic Garden Design

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Gardens have always been a cherished part of homes, offering a tranquil retreat from the hustle and bustle of daily life. But beyond their aesthetic and therapeutic appeal, gardens have a tangible impact on property value. Recent data suggests that the right garden features can elevate a home’s worth by a staggering 10%. With the average UK house price hovering around £295,000, this translates to a potential increase of approximately £29,500.

Such a boost is not just about lavish designs or exotic plants; it’s about integrating elements that resonate with modern homeowners. Features like sheds, water installations, and mature plants not only enhance the garden’s visual appeal but also its functionality. As homeowners and potential buyers increasingly recognise the value of well-designed outdoor spaces, the garden’s role in property valuation becomes even more pronounced.

Maintaining Garden Aesthetics

A beautifully presented garden is a visual delight, offering a serene escape and reflecting the care and attention invested by the homeowner. Presentation plays a pivotal role in enhancing the garden’s appeal, influencing both personal enjoyment and potential property value. Regular upkeep, such as clearing away debris, pruning overgrown plants, and mowing the lawn, ensures the garden remains inviting throughout the year.

Seasonal care, like protecting plants from frost or ensuring adequate watering during dry spells, preserves the garden’s vitality. Thoughtful placement of plants, garden furniture, and features can create a harmonious balance, making the space both functional and beautiful. It’s essential to remember that a garden is a living entity, constantly changing and growing. Regular attention and care ensure it remains a cherished space, reflecting the beauty of nature and the dedication of those who tend to it.

The Multifunctional Shed

Garden sheds have long been associated with storage, often tucked away and filled with tools, pots, and forgotten items. However, the modern shed has undergone a transformation, becoming a versatile space that extends the living area of a home. With thoughtful design and planning, these structures can serve as tranquil retreats, hobby rooms, or even home offices, as well as garden storage. Buy Sheds Direct has one of the UK’s widest choices of storage options for your garden, allowing you to find the perfect match for your needs and your style.

With options like these, you can begin to view a shed as an extension of the home rather than simple garden storage. Natural lighting, insulation, and comfortable furnishings can turn a simple shed into a cosy haven. Moreover, the aesthetic appeal of a well-designed shed can enhance the overall look of the garden, blending seamlessly with its surroundings. As gardens evolve to meet the diverse needs of homeowners, the humble shed stands out as a testament to adaptability and innovation in outdoor spaces.

Embracing Outdoor Dining

Outdoor dining spaces have become synonymous with leisurely weekends, family gatherings, and intimate evenings under the stars. Integrating these areas into a garden requires a blend of comfort and timeless design. Start by selecting durable furniture that complements the garden’s aesthetic, ensuring it’s both stylish and functional. Consider the flow of the space; positioning the dining area near the kitchen or barbecue can make meal preparation and serving more convenient.

Incorporating natural elements, such as stone pathways or wooden pergolas, can seamlessly merge the dining space with its surroundings. Lighting plays a crucial role in setting the mood. Soft, ambient lights can create a warm and inviting atmosphere, perfect for evening get-togethers. Plants, too, can enhance the dining experience; aromatic herbs or blooming flowers can add sensory delight. With thoughtful design, outdoor dining can be a harmonious blend of modern comforts and classic garden charm.

Modern Comforts In Timeless Settings

Gardens have always been places of relaxation and reflection. Today’s gardens, however, offer more than just a visual treat; they provide spaces for genuine relaxation and leisure. Lounging areas, thoughtfully furnished with stylish chairs and loungers, can transform a garden into a personal retreat. Begin by considering the garden’s natural elements. The gentle sound of a nearby water feature or the shade of a mature tree can enhance the lounging experience.

Comfortable seating, be it hammocks, recliners, or cushioned benches, invites relaxation. Materials like natural wood or stone can be used to ensure the lounging area feels integrated with the garden’s classic design. Incorporate soft lighting for evening relaxation, perhaps through lanterns or solar lights. Lastly, consider privacy; strategic plant placements or decorative screens can create a secluded haven. With these elements in place, a garden can offer the perfect blend of contemporary relaxation and timeless beauty.

Gardens have always been sanctuaries of serenity and beauty, and today’s design trends beautifully marry modern conveniences with timeless elegance. By integrating features like water elements, mature plants, and functional spaces, homeowners can elevate both the aesthetic and monetary value of their properties. The transformation of sheds into versatile spaces, the allure of outdoor dining, and the creation of intimate lounging areas all contribute to a garden’s multifunctional appeal.

It’s entirely possible to infuse contemporary comforts into a garden without compromising its classic charm. By prioritising thoughtful design, regular care, and a harmonious blend of the old and new, one can craft an outdoor space that’s not just a visual treat but a lived experience.

See more about gardens on Skill Builder

Look How Well This Turned Out! 2023 Extension Build Ep.6

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Sam gets to the finish line with his extension project.

Check out Sam & Jen on Facebook:
https://bit.ly/3eh17v0

CHECK OUT SAM & JEN’S PLAYLIST
🎬 https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLvRh7uimDQfe7HR2XDO90ppTiztt1FPgM

Building an Extension on a Budget in the UK: Essential Tips

Adding an extension to your home is an exciting way to create more space and potentially add value to your property. However, for many, achieving this without breaking the bank is challenging. Here are some essential tips for building an extension on a budget in the UK:

Plan Ahead:
Before anything else, draw up a detailed plan. Work with an architect or draughtsman to ensure your vision is feasible and cost-effective.

Set a Realistic Budget:
Decide on a maximum spend and add a 10-15% contingency. This provides a cushion for any unforeseen expenses.

Choose Simple Designs:
Opting for a simple, rectangular design can be more cost-effective than intricate shapes or designs, requiring less labour and materials.

Reclaim and Recycle:
Search for reclaimed bricks, tiles, and other materials. Reclamation yards or online marketplaces like Gumtree or eBay can have affordable and sometimes free materials.

Manage the Project Yourself:
By taking on the role of the project manager, you can save on fees. However, it requires time, organisation, and some building process knowledge.

Get Multiple Quotes:
Always get at least three quotes for any work or materials. It’s surprising how much prices can vary between suppliers and contractors.

Go Local:
Using local tradespeople and materials can save on transport costs. Plus, they might have valuable insights into what works best in your local environment and climate.

DIY Where Possible:
If you’re handy, take on some of the work yourself. Tasks like painting, tiling, or even laying a floor can be done DIY to save on labour costs.

Timing is Everything:
Builders often have quieter periods during the winter months. They might be willing to offer discounted rates during these off-peak times.

Beware of VAT:
Remember that most building work will attract VAT at 20%. However, some projects or conditions might qualify for reduced rates, so it’s worth checking.

Plan for Efficiency:
While it might cost a bit more upfront, investing in energy-efficient measures (like insulation or double glazing) can save you money in the long run on energy bills.

Streamline Permissions:
Ensure you understand the planning permissions required. Some extensions might fall under “permitted development rights”, which means you won’t need to apply for planning permission, saving time and money.

Avoid Changing Your Mind:
Alterations mid-way through the project can be costly. Stick to your initial plan as much as possible.

Opt for Open Plan:
Open-plan spaces can be cheaper to create as they often require fewer materials and less work in terms of walls, doors, and electrics.

Negotiate:
Whether it’s with suppliers, builders, or tradespeople, don’t be afraid to negotiate on prices. You might get discounts or favourable terms.

Conclusion:
Building an extension on a budget requires careful planning, savvy shopping, and a hands-on approach. While challenges may arise, with research and determination, you can achieve an excellent addition to your home without overspending.

Insulation Is NOT Always The Best Option

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Roger explains why insulation isn’t always a good idea.

READ MORE

The Downsides of Insulating Unheated Spaces: When Insulation Can Be Detrimental

Insulation is hailed as an essential component of modern building practices, designed to reduce energy costs, enhance comfort, and improve energy efficiency. However, there are scenarios where insulating can be detrimental, particularly in unheated spaces. In this article, we delve into the reasons why insulation might not be the best choice for some buildings, especially if they are designed to absorb heat.

1. Moisture Accumulation and Condensation:
One of the primary reasons insulation can be detrimental in unheated spaces is the risk of moisture accumulation. When insulation is applied, it often restricts air movement, which means any moist air trapped in the space has no way of escaping. This can lead to condensation, which over time may cause structural damage, mold growth, and degradation of building materials.

2. Interference with Natural Heat Absorption:
Some traditional buildings, especially in regions with significant temperature fluctuations, were designed to absorb heat during the day and release it at night, stabilizing indoor temperatures. Structures made of thermal mass materials like stone, brick, or adobe have this characteristic. Insulating these buildings interferes with their ability to absorb and release heat, leading to interior temperature imbalances.

3. Unintended Pests and Rodent Issues:
Insulation, especially certain types like fibreglass and cellulose, can become nesting grounds for pests and rodents if not correctly sealed. In unheated spaces, the chances of infestations might increase because of the lack of human presence and the comfortable environment the insulation provides.

4. Reduced Breathability:
Historic buildings often rely on the breathability of their materials to manage moisture and maintain their structural integrity. Modern insulation can reduce this breathability, trapping moisture inside and potentially leading to long-term damage, especially if the moisture can’t escape.

5. Unintended Thermal Bridging:
While insulation is designed to minimize heat transfer, it can create thermal bridges where heat escapes or enters more easily if not installed correctly. In unheated spaces, these bridges can undermine the overall performance of the insulation, rendering it counterproductive.

6. Financial Implications:
The cost of insulating an unheated space might not provide the anticipated energy savings, especially if the space remains unheated. This means homeowners or building managers might not recoup their investment.

7. Complications in Retrofitting:
For older buildings, especially historic ones, retrofitting with insulation can be complicated and risk damage to the original structures. The materials and techniques used in such buildings may not be compatible with modern insulation products.

While insulation has proven benefits in many situations, it’s crucial to consider each space’s specific needs and characteristics before proceeding with insulation. Unheated areas and buildings that leverage natural heat absorption mechanisms may not benefit from insulation. In some cases, insulation may even present risks. Always consult with an expert before making decisions about insulating any space.

LBC Tudor Brick Rant ~ Why Is Sam So Angry?

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Sam is unhappy with his LBC Tudor bricks, time for a rant!

The London Brick Company (LBC) is known for its vast range of bricks; the term “Fletton” is significant in its history. The Fletton brick is named after a district in Peterborough, UK, where a specific type of clay was discovered that was particularly suitable for brick-making. This clay, known as Lower Oxford Clay, has unique properties that distinguish the Fletton brick.

Here’s a breakdown of the LBC Tudor Fletton Brick:

Material: The Fletton brick is made from the Lower Oxford Clay. This clay contains a certain amount of carbonaceous matter. When heated, this matter acts as an internal fuel, reducing the amount of external coal or fuel needed to fire the brick.

Colour and Texture: Although variations exist, Fletton bricks tend to have a pink or light reddish hue. Depending on the manufacturing process, the surface might be smooth or slightly textured.

Economic and Environmental Benefits: Due to the internal fuel property of the clay, Fletton bricks were historically more economical to produce. This also had environmental benefits because the bricks required less external fuel to be fired.

Use: Fletton bricks have been widely used across the UK, especially in the 20th century, for residential and commercial buildings. They’ve been utilized for both structural and decorative purposes.

Tudor Aspect: If the Fletton brick is labelled as “Tudor,” it’s possible that it has certain aesthetic properties or finishes that make it suitable for Tudor-style architecture or restoration work related to buildings from the Tudor period.

Durability: Fletton bricks are generally durable, making them suitable for various construction projects. Their properties, including resistance to frost and overall strength, made them famous choices in the UK’s building industry.

However, it’s essential to note that for specific details about the “LBC Tudor Fletton Brick,” such as exact colour shades, dimensions, or other technical specifications, one should consult product literature from the London Brick Company or a distributor.

Interior Work Begins: 2023 Extension Build Ep.5

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Sam runs us through all of the work he has carried out since we last saw him.

Check out Sam & Jen on Facebook:
https://bit.ly/3eh17v0

CHECK OUT SAM & JEN’S PLAYLIST
🎬 https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLvRh7uimDQfe7HR2XDO90ppTiztt1FPgM

#28 ~ Secrets of Structural Engineering with John Cranna

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Roger has a chat with Abergavenny-based Structural Engineering expert, John Cranna..

John started his consultancy in 1992, having worked for major engineering consultants Ove Arup, Scott Wilson and Halcrow. ​

He has worked on large buildings, including constructing the Lloyds of London building. Since becoming self-employed, he has gained experience in the smaller scale of construction for domestic and commercial design.

He provides a personal, friendly, cost-effective solution to your structural engineering and building needs.

He’s a chartered engineer, a full Institution of Civil Engineers member, and has professional indemnity insurance.

www.johncranna.co.uk

More From Skillbuilder – Structural Engineers, What Do They Do?

The Ugly Truth About Reinforced Aerated Autoclaved Concrete (RAAC)

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An Aging Problem

RAAC Reinforced Aerated Autoclaved Concrete, is in the news right now (September 2023) because days before the kids go back after the summer break somebody in the corridors of power had a panic attack. Maybe the Education Minister had a nightmare about a school roof collapsing and killing some kids.

One did collapse in Gravesend in Kent in 2018 but it was on the weekend, so nobody was there. The fact that nobody was injured meant that it wasn’t big news. Near misses are not considered worth sending out the satellite trucks for.

I am old enough to remember the Aberfan disaster, where a school in South Wales was buried by a landslide from a coal mine slag heap. After the event they moved slag heaps to places where they could do no harm. Those images of miners carrying out the bodies stay with you for life, and so they should.

They should be plastered all over the wall of the Minister for Education’s Office to remind them that schools should be safe places. The Education Minister has just been on television telling us that local authorities are responsible for the safety of schools.

If that’s the case it is a cop out for the government. Leaving aside the RAAC issue there is still a considerable amount of asbestos in schools. An estimated 10,000 teachers, pupils and other staff have died in the past 40 years from asbestos related lung diseases.

Beyond Reinforced Aerated Autoclaved Concrete

But it seems that 10,000 deaths is not the tipping point for urgent action. We are still sending our children and teaching staff into dangerous schools.

RAAC is the latest hazard to make the headlines but, again, it has been known about for years.  Despite this a few weeks ago hardly anyone outside the building industry could tell you what Reinforced Aerated Autoclaved Concrete is.

If you have been keeping up with events, you may have seen pictures of a substance resembling an aero bar, but this is not the whole story. In the main we are looking at panels typically 600mm wide which are used to create flat roofs.

They were commonly used in schools and hospitals. The panels are reinforced with steel bars identical to those used in other reinforced concrete but aerated concrete doesn’t stick to rebar very well so they are coated with latex or bitumen to allow this so-called aerated concrete to stick.

The concrete is actually made up of sand cement and lime so it is not concrete in the strict sense because there is no aggregate in there. The mix is aerated by dropping aluminium filings into the cement slurry which produces hydrogen gas and bubbles.

This has been done for years with Aircrete blocks because it makes them lighter and gives them better insulation properties. If you want an even lighter block you put in more aluminium filings and if you need it denser you put in less.

Cracking Up

Any builder who has worked with these Aircrete blocks knows that they crack very easily. This can often be mitigated with bed joint reinforcement and movement joints, but it doesn’t always stop it. In a wall a few cracks are not too much of an issue. They are covered up with plasterboard and nobody worries about them.

The second ‘A’ in RAAC stands for autoclaved. The autoclave is the chamber that the slurry is put into to warm it up and allow it to carry on rising like a souffle before it sets.

In essence it is a giant pressure cooker which steams the cement mix, so it cures evenly and quickly. Instead of taking days to cure the cement cures overnight. Blocks often arrive on building sites still warm.

The long panels used in flat roofs are made in the same way as Aircrete blocks but they have reinforcing bars in them to allow them to span voids. The advantage of aerated panels is that they are much lighter than dense concrete floor panels such as Bison beams. They are also better insulators.

Reinforced Aerated Autoclaved Concrete 1

All reinforced concrete can deteriorate through rusting of the rebar which is caused by water ingress. Rust expands and that expansion has a very noticeable symptom in the case of dense concrete.  As the bar rusts you see lumps of concrete spalling off the face, which exposes the rebar.

With aerated concrete this rebar rust expansion is absorbed by the weaker concrete so instead of blowing the face of the concrete off it simply crushes the concrete around the rebar. This allows the deterioration to continue unseen.

There are some visible symptoms that occur late in the process and surveyors know to look out for these. If you see a sagging Reinforced Aerated Autoclaved Concrete panel this may be the only sign you get of a problem. It means the reinforcing bar is no longer acting in unison with the concrete. The rust has pushed the concrete away around the bar and it may even be loose inside the panel.

Bearing Up

The other big problem is that the panels often have inadequate bearing. The bearing is the amount of panel sitting on the supporting walls or steel beams. If two panels meet end to end on a steel beam that is 100mm wide you can only have 50mm bearing on each panel.

The minimum bearing should be 75 mm but ideally you would have 100mm at each end. Panels with inadequate bearing tend to shear at the ends. In the Gravesend school collapse the pictures show the end of the panel has sheared and the reinforcing bar has simply bent upwards as the panel crashed down.

The fact that these panels are capable of sudden and catastrophic collapse with little or no warning is an almost unique characteristic. Timber will often creak for quite a time before it gives way but the best you can hope with RAAC is that somebody notices a subtle change in the panels.

That bored kid who is sitting in a maths lesson gazing up at the ceiling might be the only one who notices a new hairline crack forming.

The problem is exacerbated when the panels are hidden behind suspended ceilings, plasterboard or even asbestos sheets. Surveyors will have to remove coverings to examine the RAAC panels but even then, they probably won’t see very much.

Autoclaved Aerated Concrete Texture.

A better indication may be the condition of the roof covering. If the roof has leaked or been renewed, that might indicate water ingress has taken place. Aerated concrete contains a lot more capillary pores than dense concrete so it can hold more water. Not only is that likely to rust the reinforcing it also adds considerable weight to the panels.

Flat Roof Problems

Given the nature of flat roofs it is highly likely that a 40-year-old roof will have leaked at some point so you might as well say that all RAAC panels are suspect until it is proved otherwise. If the roof covering has been renewed and any dips in the structure filled in with levelling compound, increasing the weight might also add to the problem.

Even changing a roof covering from something with light-coloured mineral chippings to a dark bitumen can increase the solar gain and make the roof a lot hotter. The expansion and contraction of the panels will, therefore increase and over the years this can ‘walk’ panels further off their bearing.

Considering how many factors can contribute to failure and how difficult they are to recognise with non-destructive testing it is hard to see how any surveyor can give RAAC panels a clean bill of health.

This makes it all the more baffling that Neil Gray, who is the Scottish Secretary for Wellness and other such vagaries, stood up in Holyrood and announced that there is no immediate risk from Reinforced Aerated Autoclaved Concrete in Scotland. He has no qualifications or experience in construction so, presumably, he was advised on this.

I fully expect that his bold declaration will be diluted in the coming weeks as the reality kicks in. We could ask what magic ingredient exists over the Scottish border that uniquely protects RAAC panels. Maybe they don’t have leaking roofs.

Meanwhile, in England and Wales, there is now an acknowledgement that the problem is real and urgent. It may well be that short of an immediate and wholesale replacement of all Reinforced Aerated Autoclaved Concrete roofs the short-term answer is to prop them up with a forest of Acrows.

Temporary Fix

Typically, the Acrows will be hired rather than purchased outright as we did with PPE. The Acrows will then accrue hire fees which are many times more than the purchase price.

No doubt questions will then be asked, and we will find out that some friend or spouse of an MP bought shares in a hire company days before the announcement was made. There is something strangely reassuring in the predictability of sleaze.

In the end the RAAC roofs will be removed along with the asbestos and it may be that by the time they rip off the roofs of 40-year-old classrooms there is little of value worth keeping.

It has long been recognised that our school buildings are not fit for purpose. The Labour Government had a policy to Build Schools for the future.

Michael Gove famously shelved the plan when the Conservatives took over, presumably because they had other demands on the tax revenue. All governments must make hard decisions but so often they squander money trying to save it.

How do we educate our kids? As cheaply as possible is the answer. The trouble is, and always has been, that if you buy cheap you buy twice. In my travels, I have visited countries where schools follow a standard design and build.  It may not offer the variety of architecture which we enjoy in the U.K but it offers some good benefits.

Rather than making every school a one-off with experimental materials and huge fees for architects and building control, you design one school which works and has half a chance of still being there in 50 years from now. Americans call it cookie-cutter technology.

The design process would necessarily involve architects, teachers and hopefully students who, being the end users, may have a wealth of ideas. I am fairly certain that it would be an improvement on the buildings we have now.

Final Thoughts

My contribution, if I may be so bold as to offer one, would be to say that you should never build a school or hospital with a flat roof because everyone knows that flat roofs are trouble. A flat roof is cheaper to build but much more expensive to maintain.

This whole debacle with collapsing roofs is simply the result of architects trying to build schools and hospitals with flat roofs rather than pitched roofs which shed water a lot faster.

Sadly, we now consider a life span of 40 years for a roof to be acceptable and that is not 40 years without repairs.  What have we forgotten?

The oldest unreinforced concrete roof in the world is on the Pantheon in Rome. It is unreinforced because it doesn’t need to be reinforced. It is a 2000-year-old dome, self-supporting in the same way that an igloo is.

It is a design that has been used for millennia. Like millions of tourists, I have stood underneath the Pantheon roof and, more to the point, I was also happy to let my kids stand beside me.

I had complete confidence that the people who worked on that roof over 2000 years ago knew what they were doing. I wish I could say that for the people who built our barely 40-year-old school roofs.

____________
RESOURCES

🔗 Information on Reinforced Aerated Autoclaved Concrete (RAAC)/adoHZ

🔗 GOV.UK RAAC Identification Guidance

🔗 Structural Safety of Reinforced Aerated Autoclaved Concrete Planks

#27 ~ From Carpenter to Inventor with Dan Cox

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Roger Bisby chatted with Dan Cox about his life as a carpenter and how becoming an inventor came naturally.

Dan’s Ultimate Roofing Square and Essential Hinge Jig.
🛒 https://www.essential-carpenter-tools.co.uk

OTHER DAN COX VIDEOS

The Oast House
https://youtu.be/2_LNrxL2gvE

6 Roofing Squares Compared
https://youtu.be/7qlQW3j6OIQ

Dan Demonstrates The Ultimate Roofing Square
https://youtu.be/_TmXZ0cGNEI

How To Fit Herringbone Joist Struts
https://youtu.be/8rgIu8XeLLE

Roof Framing Masterclass
https://youtu.be/OSDUZPV8GB0

The Work Trouser and Kneepad System To Fit Your Job

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Superior, Ergonomic Knee Protection 

It’s said that hard-working craftsmen and women put more pressure on their knees than many top athletes. That’s why the risk of knee injuries is far higher among trade professionals and manual workers than other occupations.[1]

One of the best ways to avoid knee problems is to wear Snickers Workwear Trousers with their innovative knee protection – KneeGuard™ – a world-leading, fully certified, trademarked system.

Snickers Workwear has 86 different types of Work trousers in multiple sizes to suit a host different trades and jobs on site – plus 8 different types of Kneepads. Together they deliver hundreds of Work Trouser and Kneepad combinations to effectively deal with different types of knee impacts; the amount of time working on knees; and individual needs for personal protection.

The unique design features of both the Work Trousers and Kneepads deliver flexibility when you walk, yet they close around your knees when you kneel down – to prevent your knees from sliding off the kneepad when moving around on the floor.

So, when seriously considering long-lasting knee protection, look for the Snickers Workwear KneeGuard™ system – tested and certified for performance, efficiency and protection to deliver comfort and well-being day in day out.

[1] Hultafors Group UK, snickersworkwear.com/list/stories/save-your-knees.

Getting it Watertight: 2023 Extension Build Ep.4

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The extension roof is complete, and Sam turns his attention to the front of the house.

Check out Sam & Jen on Facebook:
https://bit.ly/3eh17v0

CHECK OUT SAM & JEN’S PLAYLIST
🎬 https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLvRh7uimDQfe7HR2XDO90ppTiztt1FPgM

Weatherproofing and Tiling the Roof Stage:

Underlayment Installation:

Before the tiles are laid, a protective underlayment (often called roofing felt or tar paper) is spread across the roof’s decking. This acts as an additional moisture barrier, preventing any rainwater that gets past the tiles from penetrating the interior.
Laying Roof Tiles:

Roof tiles are methodically laid starting from the eaves (the roof’s lower edge) and moving upwards to the ridge (the top). They overlap in a way that channels water off the roof, ensuring it doesn’t seep through.

Depending on the design, ridge tiles might cap off the very top of the roof, sealing the junction where the two sides of the roof meet.

Fixing and Securing Tiles:
Tiles can be nailed, clipped, or adhered, depending on the type and regional practices. This ensures they remain in place, resisting wind uplift and other external forces.

Flashing Installation:
Flashing is a thin sheet or strip of water-resistant material, commonly metal, used to prevent water intrusion at areas of the roof like valleys, chimneys, vents, or where the roof meets walls. This is crucial for preventing leaks.

Guttering and Downpipes:
Once the roof is tiled, guttering is affixed to the eaves. Downpipes are also installed to channel rainwater away from the building’s foundation.

Inspection and Quality Assurance:
The roof is inspected to ensure that tiles are properly laid, flashings are well-sealed, and there are no potential leak points. It’s essential to confirm that the roof is fully waterproofed.

Interior Protection:
With the roof effectively tiled and sealed, the extension’s interior is now shielded from the elements. This means that internal work can commence, such as insulation installation, drywall, electrical, and plumbing, without the risk of rainwater damage.

This stage is pivotal because construction can progress without significant weather-related interruptions once the extension is shielded from rain. Properly executed, it ensures the longevity and comfort of the extended space.